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<div style='text-align:Left;'><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>This dataset is experimental and should only be used for situational awareness and data corroboration.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><font face='inherit' style='font-family:inherit;'>Derived luminosity loss maps are processed data based off Black Marble BRDF nighttime light observations. </font>This data may be used as a proxy for power loss. The original BRDF data is available at:<br /></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><a href='https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=654bc62d78fc4704923369a00a635937' style='color:rgb(0, 97, 155); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;' target='_blank'>https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/portal/home/item.html?id=654bc62d78fc4704923369a00a635937</a></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Dates of Image:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Pre-Event: September 2025</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Post-Event: October 30, 2025-November 2, 2025; November 4, 2025; November 7, 2025; November 8, 2025; November 9, 2025</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Methodology:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Only a subset of the raw black marble data was used. Note that while the Disasters team has clipped data to remove false positives, some observations may</span><span style='font-family:"Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size:inherit;'> be obscured by total or partial cloud cover. Other factors such as snow reflectance, moon phase, wildfires, and wildfire smoke may distort light radiance and require further analysis when assessing power outages.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Certain areas were filtered out into an “Analyzed areas” map, which shows subsets of counties that were retained after certain data extents were removed:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'></p><ul><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Baseline (August 2024) data with low radiance (<1) is removed from the county geometry as it is background.</span></li><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Cloud cover from the date of interest (in this example, September 29th) is removed from the county geometry.</span></li><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Counties are only included within the bounding box of the Black Marble data that was provided.</span></li></ul><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Once the extent was finalized, the Black Marble Data was modified:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'></p><ul><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Negative out-of-range values were changed to 0.</span></li><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>The revised black marble pixels were extracted to the analyzed area geometry:</span></li><li><span style='font-family:inherit;'>The difference between pre and post-event total light intensity in each county was calculated to measure percent light intensity loss. This is indicated in popups as Light Intensity Loss (percentage).</span></li></ul><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>The percentage of analyzed area (with area omitted due to being background in the baseline or cloud-covered in the day of Black Marble) is also available in the attribute table. Lower values may reflect lower confidence in the percent Luminosity Loss depending on where the cloud cover is, especially in circumstances where the primary light source in a given geometry is obfuscated.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Suggested Use:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>NASA's Black Marble Nighttime Light product suite is a state-of-the-art daily global collection of standard products for monitoring nighttime lights (NTL). Utilizing the Visible Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) aboard the Suomi-NPP, NOAA-20, and NOAA-21 satellites.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Grey represents cloud cover. Note that these maps are experimental and subject to change and development and should be used only for situational awareness.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Satellite/Sensor:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day/Night Band (DNB) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Platform (SNPP), NOAA-20, and NOAA-21</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>SNPP: August 2024 composite, September 22-24, 2024, October 1, 2024</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>NOAA-20: September 25 - September 31, 2024, October 2, 2024 - October 4, 2024</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Resolution:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>500 meters</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Credits:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>NASA Black Marble Science team</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Disasters Response Coordination System</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Please cite the following two references when using this data:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Román MO, Stokes EC, Shrestha R, Wang Z, Schultz L, Carlo EA, Sun Q, Bell J, Molthan A, Kalb V, Ji C. Satellite-based assessment of electricity restoration efforts in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. PloS one. 2019 Jun 28;14(6):e0218883.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Román MO, Wang Z, Sun Q, Kalb V, Miller SD, Molthan A, Schultz L, Bell J, Stokes EC, Pandey B, Seto KC. NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2018 Jun 1;210:113-43.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'><i>Point of Contact:</i></span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Ranjay Shrestha</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>E-mail: </span><a href='mailto:ranjay.m.shrestha@nasa.gov' style='color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;' target='_blank'>ranjay.m.shrestha@nasa.gov</a></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Additional Links:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><a href='https://blackmarble.gsfc.nasa.gov/' style='color:rgb(0, 121, 193); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;' target='_blank'>NASA’s Black Marble Product Suite</a></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'>Román, M.O. et al. (2019) Satellite-based assessment of electricity restoration efforts in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. PLoS One, 14 (6).</p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>Román, M.O. et al. (2018) NASA’s Black Marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment. 210, 113–143.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit; font-weight:bold;'>Esri REST Endpoint:</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'></span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'>See URL to the right.</span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><span style='font-family:inherit;'><b>WMS Endpoint:</b></span></p><p style='margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:1.5rem; font-family:"Avenir Next W01", "Avenir Next W00", "Avenir Next", Avenir, "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size:16px;'><a href='https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/gis05/services/DISASTERS_202510_HURRICANE_MELISSA/BM_PowerLossMap/MapServer/WMSServer' style='color:rgb(0, 97, 155); text-decoration-line:none; font-family:inherit;' target='_blank'>https://gis.earthdata.nasa.gov/gis05/services/DISASTERS_202510_HURRICANE_MELISSA/BM_PowerLossProxy/MapServer/WMSServer</a></p><p><span></span></p></div>
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